Blood glucose monitoring with the Apple Watch is getting closer

The Apple Watch has been considered one of the most important wearables in the health sector for years. Features like heart rate monitoring, ECG, and fall detection have shown that Apple has long since expanded its focus beyond fitness. However, one key feature is still missing: blood glucose monitoring. New technological developments outside of Apple now suggest that this goal is becoming more realistic than ever before.

Blood glucose monitoring with the Apple Watch was reportedly planned from the early stages of the product's development. A 2023 report describes how the very first Apple Watch was originally intended to have non-invasive glucose monitoring as its primary function. Technical hurdles prevented this implementation at the time.

In the following years, reports repeatedly surfaced suggesting that Apple was on the verge of introducing this feature. Despite numerous patents and rumors, more than a decade later, no Apple Watch with blood glucose monitoring has been released. Nevertheless, there are now new indications that the technological breakthrough is drawing closer, even if it isn't coming directly from Apple itself.

Why blood glucose monitoring is so important

The relevance of this topic is enormous. According to the International Diabetes Federation, more than ten percent of the world's adult population now suffers from diabetes. A particularly problematic aspect is that almost half of those affected are unaware of their condition.

Diabetes is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide each year. The risks increase significantly if type 2 diabetes develops before the age of 40. Early diagnosis can prevent serious complications and save lives.

The biggest problem lies in current measurement technology. Conventional blood glucose meters are invasive and require a small needle prick in the skin. This obstacle means that primarily people with known risk factors measure their blood glucose regularly. These methods are unsuitable for the general population, which further complicates early detection.

Non-invasive blood glucose measurement in clinical studies

For many years, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring has been considered one of the greatest challenges in medical technology. A method that requires no blood and can be integrated into an everyday device would have enormous potential for preventative healthcare.

A particularly promising current approach is based on the analysis of breath. So-called acetone breath is a known symptom of diabetes. Certain volatile organic compounds in breath are directly linked to elevated blood sugar levels.

A new device utilizes precisely this effect and is currently undergoing human clinical trials. According to a report by Wired, it's a small device called Isaac, worn around the neck like a pendant. About the size of a quarter, it measures biomarkers such as acetone in exhaled breath.

Isaac has been enrolled in active clinical trials at Indiana University. The goal is to compare its measurement accuracy with conventional blood glucose measurement methods. Initially, adolescents with type 1 diabetes will be studied, followed by adults with type 2 diabetes.

The studies are already geared towards regulatory review. Approval by the US Food and Drug Administration is expected no earlier than next year. Should this be granted, it would be a major milestone for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring.

The significance of this technology for the Apple Watch

The device being tested is briefly held to the mouth for measurement, followed by exhalation. Each measurement takes only a few seconds. This is not continuous monitoring, but rather spot tests that can be performed daily.

This very functionality makes the technology interesting for wearables like the Apple Watch. Integration would be conceivable in principle, even though technical hurdles still exist. The biggest challenge is miniaturization, as Isaac is currently almost as large as an Apple Watch itself.

However, should the device receive FDA approval, it would be a strong indication that the approach is technically sound and reliable. Apple is known for taking existing technologies, developing them further, and integrating them into its own products in a compact form.

The Apple Watch on the way to non-invasive blood glucose measurement

Blood glucose monitoring with the Apple Watch is still not a reality, but it seems much more attainable today than it did just a few years ago. Advances in breath analysis and ongoing clinical trials show that non-invasive methods can work.

If this technology proves successful and can be further miniaturized, it could eventually find its way into the Apple Watch. Such a feature would have the potential to alert millions of people to an early risk of diabetes and fundamentally change preventative healthcare. Even though it will still take some time, it's clear that the vision of an Apple Watch with blood glucose monitoring is getting closer. (Image: Shutterstock / Wongsakorn 2468)